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Membranoproliferative glomerolonephritis (MPGN) is used to be classified as MPGN type I, II and III. The older classification only gave a diagnosis but did not include the aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease. The new classification gives the clinician more detail and leads to proper treatment. The old and new classification of MPGN include aetiology,...

The term "lobolar neoplasia (LN)" is defined by the WHO Classification of Breast Tumour, 5th edition, 2019 as the entire spectrum of atypical epithelial lesions originating in the terminal duct lobolar unit and characterised by a proliferation of generally small, non-cohesive monomorphic cells, with or without pagetoid involvement of terminal ducts. Atypical lobolar neoplasia (ALH) and lobolar carcinoma in situ (LCIS) are separated by the extension of the disease. ...

Anion gap (AG) is a parameter that indicates the difference or gap between negatively and positively charged electrolytes. It is primarily used in the differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis and may be used in clinical laboratories to identify analytical errors. The AG was calcolated using sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-). Some laboratories add potassium. In the 1970s,...

Disruptive technology and the COVID-19 situation have unavoidably impacted all medical fields as well as academic institutions. Many universities around the world have closed their doors, and new institutes are few and far between. The global trend of university expansion typically begins with an academic institute, then moves on to a research institute, and finally to an entrepreneurial institute....

Thyroid cancer is considered the most common endocrine malignancy, with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) being the most predominant form, accounting for 85% of all diagnoses. Due to the diagnostic dilemma that can commonly occur in these neoplasms, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been attempted to assist the diagnosis of these cancers. ...

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is rare. When EMPD with invasive carcinoma is identified, primary adnexal carcinoma (PAC) is a main differential diagnosis. We aimed to compare difference of histopathology and prognosis of EMPD with invasion and PAC. Haematoxylin and eosin – stained sections of EMPD with invasive carcinoma between 2006 and 2021 were classified into ...

Our previous study has been discovered that the zinc levels were significantly higher in the surrounding normal breast tissue compared to the invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) tissue. The objective of this study was to quantitatively analyse tissue zinc levels in molecolar subtypes of IBC. Zinc concentrations were evaluated in 45 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of IBC by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method. ...

Uterine sarcomas are heterogeneous group of rare aggressive tumour accounting for 3 – 7% of all uterine malignancy, with generally poor outcome. The aim of this study was to describe subtypes, clinicopathological characteristics and survival rates of uterine sarcoma and carcinosarcoma. Medical records and histological resolts of uterine sarcoma and carcinosarcoma between 2010 and 2019 at Srinakarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University were reviewed. A total of 56 cases had been reviewed. ...

When diabetic patients are screened for diabetic nephropathy, it is discovered that some of them have both diabetic nephropathy with other superimposed diseases, which coold change their management and prognosis. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of non-diabetic renal diseases which had diabetic nephropathy. ...

Fibroepithelial lesions of the breast encompass various groups of tumours, including fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour. Fibroadenoma can be clinically observed or complete excision with low recurrent rate, while phyllodes tumour needs wide local excision with negative margins. The diagnosis requires core biopsy assessment which is challenging especially between cellolar fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumour. ...